Orbital 2 – Chemistry and Sustainability

The Orbital 2 e-book covers the second module of upper secondary school chemistry, "Chemistry and a sustainable future". It is one of the two compulsory chemistry modules in upper secondary school.
The Orbital series is a modern learning material for chemistry that encourages the student to think about, investigate, and understand chemistry. The text is designed to captivate the reader. The examples feature important chemical processes and discoveries that are familiar from everyday life. In addition to traditional text explanations, animations, videos and 3D models have also been used to visualise processes. 

The tasks follow the new digital final exam model, progressing from tasks that test memory skills through concepts to practical and more challenging tasks. Models and visualisation play a key role in learning chemistry. 

Chemistry is learnt by visualising your own thoughts and by presenting them to other students. Discussions help to develop our own thought processes. Modelling uses simulations, but you will also need a pen and paper. Students can freely choose between visualisation methods. 

Chemistry is also learnt together. Learning is social in nature, so the material encourages students to work together.

1. To the reader

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
1.1.	Foreword

2. Molecular models and compound formulae

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
2.1.	Molecular models and formulae Tutustu ilmaiseksi!

3. Strong bonds

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
3.1.	General bonding principles
3.2.	Covalent bond
3.3.	Ionic bond
3.4.	Metallic bond
3.5.	Experimentation

4. Weak bonds

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
4.1.	Dipole-dipole bond
4.2.	Dispersion forces
4.3.	Ion-dipole bonds

5. Material properties

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
5.1.	States
5.2.	Solubility
5.3.	Acidity and basicity
5.4.	Experimentation and modelling

6. Circular economy and green chemistry

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
6.1.	Environmental chemistry
6.2.	Green chemistry and sustainable development
6.3.	Circular economy and life cycle approach
6.4.	Reducing emissions
6.5.	Chemistry in society

7. Appendices

Kirjanmerkki	Luku
7.1.	For the teacher
7.2.	Terms and concepts